ABSTRACT
Cet article vise a relater l'émergence d'une communauté d'apprentissage professionnelle (CAP), intitulée les aperos académiques, au sein du département de français de la Escuela Nacional de Lenguas, Lingüística y Traducción (ENALLT) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ledit projet consiste a mettre l'accent sur l'importance et la valorisation du partage d'expériences entre enseignants de français langue étrangere (FLE), issues des pratiques de classes ayant eu lieu dans un contexte d'enseignement a distance lié a la pandémie de COVID-19.Alternate :El presente artículo tiene como objetivo relatar la creación de una Comunidad Profesional de Aprendizaje (CAP), que hemos nombrado los apéros académiques, en el Departamento de francés de la Escuela Nacional de Lenguas, Lingüística y Traducción (ENALLT) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Dicho proyecto tiene por objetivo destacar la importancia y el valor del intercambio de experiencias entre docentes de Francés Lengua Extranjera (FLE), que resultan de las prácticas de clase en un contexto de educación remota de emergencia en tiempos del COVID-19.Alternate :This article describes the creation of a Professional Learning Community (PLC), called the apéros académiques, at the Escuela Nacional de Lenguas, Lingüística y Traducción (ENALLT) in the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). This project aimed to enrich opportunities for teachers of French as a Foreign Language (FLE), in order to discuss and exchange experiences with emergency remote teaching practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
The rapid spread of COVID-19 on all continents and the mortality induced by SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has motivated an unprecedented effort for vaccine development. Inactivated viruses as well as vaccines focused on the partial or total sequence of the Spike protein using different novel platforms such us RNA, DNA, proteins, and non-replicating viral vectors have been developed. The high global need for vaccines, now and in the future, and the emergence of new variants of concern still requires development of accessible vaccines that can be adapted according to the most prevalent variants in the respective regions. Here, we describe the immunogenic properties of a group of theoretically predicted RBD peptides to be used as the first step towards the development of an effective, safe and low-cost epitope-focused vaccine. One of the tested peptides named P5, proved to be safe and immunogenic. Subcutaneous administration of the peptide, formulated with alumina, induced high levels of specific IgG antibodies in mice and hamsters, as well as an increase of IFN-γ expression by CD8+ T cells in C57 and BALB/c mice upon in vitro stimulation with P5. Neutralizing titers of anti-P5 antibodies, however, were disappointingly low, a deficiency that we will attempt to resolve by the inclusion of additional immunogenic epitopes to P5. The safety and immunogenicity data reported in this study support the use of this peptide as a starting point for the design of an epitope restricted vaccine.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Viral Vaccines , Cricetinae , Humans , Mice , Animals , SARS-CoV-2 , Epitopes , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19/prevention & control , Antibodies, Viral , Immunoglobulin G , Peptides , RNA , Aluminum Oxide , Antibodies, NeutralizingABSTRACT
Land-use planning and policymaking is central to how communities manage their economic activity and the social and environmental impacts these activities produce. Because of this central role, enhancing land-use practices to better incorporate the needs and impacts of freight activity has strong potential to improve the efficiency of their associated supply chains. This paper summarizes the key findings of the NCFRP 08-111 project on “Freight-Efficient Land Uses (FELUs)”, probably the most comprehensive research project to date aimed at designing policy procedures to foster land-uses that minimize the private and external costs associated with the production, transportation, and consumption of goods. As part of the paper, the authors define freight efficient land-uses, identify the principles that should guide the process towards FELUs, outline the process to develop FELU plans and programs, propose to analyze the freight efficiency of current and future land uses in their jurisdictions, and identify complementary initiatives (both land-use and transportation related) that could help mitigate the negative impacts on local communities. The authors discuss three illustrative cases that provide evidence on how land-use decisions produce unintended effects on local communities. The paper explains how decision makers can carefully consider the FELU principles in their planning and avoid or mitigate such negative results.